Estimated read time 13 min read
STEM

An In-Depth Exploration of Algal Cell Structure: Components, Pigment Systems, and Reproduction

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Introduction to Algal Cells Algae represent a vast and diverse group of photosynthetic organisms that inhabit aquatic environments across the globe. These unique organisms range [more…]

Estimated read time 13 min read
STEM

The Crucial Ecological Roles of Microbes and Lower Cryptogams in Ecosystems

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Introduction to Microbes and Lower Cryptogams Microbes and lower cryptogams are pivotal yet oftentimes overlooked constituents of ecosystems. Microbes, primarily encompassing bacteria, viruses, fungi, and [more…]

Estimated read time 13 min read
STEM

Microbial Interactions: Symbiotic Relationships and Pathogenicity

Introduction to Microbial Interactions Microbial interactions are fundamental processes that significantly impact ecosystems globally. Microorganisms, including bacteria, fungi, viruses, and archaea, exhibit various forms of [more…]